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South African farm attacks refers to more than 4,000 murders of farmers in South Africa since the end of apartheid, with estimates suggesting a murder rate for commercial farmers four times the national average. Many farmers perceive the attacks to be racially motivated. Fact checking organisation Africa Check has stated that black and colored people account for less than 38.4% of victims, while accounting for 89% of South Africa's population.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html )〕 Johan Burger of the ISS has stated that attacks were not motivated by race but by greed. Moreover, the South African Police Service has declared that there is no evidence of organised attacks. The disbandment of the Commandos has been linked to the escalating level of farm attacks. In January 2015, AfriForum reported that there has been an increase in farm attacks and murders in the previous five years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Farm murders on the rise - AfriForum )〕 Human Rights Watch has criticized the term "farm attacks" and the disproportional attention they received. ==Terminology and definition== South African statutory law does not define a "farm attack" as a specific crime. Rather, the term is used to refer to a number of different crimes committed against persons specifically on commercial farms or smallholdings. According to the South African Police Service National Operational Co-co-ordinating Committee: Attacks on farms and smallholdings refer to acts aimed at the person of residents, workers and visitors to farms and smallholdings, whether with the intent to murder, rape, rob or inflict bodily harm. In addition, all actions aimed at disrupting farming activities as a commercial concern, whether for motives related to ideology, labour disputes, land issues, revenge, grievances, intimidation, should be included.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.saps.gov.za/statistics/reports/farmattacks/farmattacks_2003.htm )〕 This definition excludes "social fabric crimes", that is those crimes committed by members of the farming community on one another, such as domestic or workplace violence, and focuses on outsiders entering the farms to commit specific criminal acts. The safety and security MEC for Mpumalanga, Dina Pule, has disagreed with this definition and has stated that "farm attacks" only included those cases "where farm residents were murdered, and not cases of robberies or attempted murders." Human Rights Watch has criticised the use of the term "farm attacks", which they regard as "suggesting a terrorist or military purpose", which they consider to not be the primary motivation for most farm attacks.〔http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2001/safrica2/Safarms1.htm〕 According to media reports, as of December 2011, approximately 3,158 – 3,811 South African farmers have been murdered in these attacks. However, self-reported data from the Transvaal Agricultural Union state that 1,544 people were killed in farm attacks from 1990 to 2012.〔 In 2012, Reuters reported that the number of the farmers of European descent was reduced a third since 1997. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South African farm attacks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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